胶东半岛不同构造单元深部热流分流聚热模式     

史猛  康凤新  张杰  高松  于晓静 《地质学报》2021,95(5):1594-1605

中生代、新生代时期地壳剧烈运动将胶东半岛划分为胶北隆起、胶莱凹陷、胶南-威海隆起三大构造单元,其中隆起山地区广泛分布花岗岩、变质岩,凹陷盆地区主要分布砂岩沉积地层,胶北隆起区与威海隆起区相对于胶莱凹陷盆地区具有更高的大地热流值.为系统分析胶东半岛大地热流值分布特征及其形成机理,本文在分析胶东半岛构造-热发展史、地热地质背景、地温场分布、岩石热导率、钻孔岩性与测温数据、地热流体化学成分等基础上,发现胶东半岛地热资源均为断裂构造控制类型的中低温对流型,其热源主要为三元聚热:导热断裂带水热对流、大地热流传导、地下水运移传导-对流;构造分布、岩石热物性、地热热储分布、地下水活动等是影响地温场分布的主要因素.针对胶东半岛地温场特征及其控制因素,提出了适合该地区的隆起-凹陷分流聚热模式与概念模型,即隆起山地区岩性以导热率、渗透率相对较高的侵入岩、变质岩为主,凹陷盆地区岩性以导热率、渗透率相对较低的砂岩为主,低导热率、低渗透率的凹陷区底部更像是一个相对隔热、隔水的顶板,使得来自地壳深部的大地热流及携带热量的流体、气体等在上涌的过程中在凹陷区的底部发生折射与再分配,从而导致热流在隆起山地区的底部形成一个温度相对更高的聚热区,反映在地表即是隆起山地区相对凹陷盆地区具有更高的大地热流值,特别隆起山地区轴部位置为热流值最高的区域,高热流值区域分布形态呈NE、NNE向分布,基本与胶东半岛NE、NNE向的深大断裂走向一致,该模式的提出可以更好地为胶东地区的地热资源勘探提供指导方向.  相似文献   

基于非均质地层参数表征的颗粒流模型构建          下载免费PDF全文

夏余宏烨  孙平贺  伍新民  盛汉洋  王心龙  张绍和 《探矿工程》2021,48(S1):52-60

非均质地层参数的获取与表征方法是浅层地质体改造的重要依据。基于非均质地层的地质建模,表征具有随机不确定性和模糊不确定性的土体表观参数和物理力学参数。利用 Weibull 分布统计描述局部地层信息,并应用Diamond-Square分形插值方法,结合差分盒子维计算非均质地层分形维数,进一步合理演算整体地层参数。采用PFC3D数值模拟软件,结合马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛方法采样数据,对非均质地层块石颗粒及土颗粒进行建模。通过非均质地层模拟结果,发现其破坏过程与应力应变曲线要比均质土体复杂得多,由于块石大颗粒的含量、分布特性对土样力学性质影响显著。本文建模方法有助于非均质地层参数表征研究。  相似文献   

井筒电加热改善水平井蒸汽吞吐效果机理实验     

吴永彬  吕柏林  杜宣  卢迎波  蒋有伟  邢向荣 《现代地质》2021,35(4):1136-1146

针对稠油水平井蒸汽吞吐面临入井渗流阻力大、产量水平低、吞吐递减率高、采收率偏低等问题,提出了电加热辅助水平井蒸汽吞吐方法。首先根据水平井蒸汽吞吐过程中的电加热与蒸汽复合传热特征,建立了电加热辅助蒸汽吞吐三个阶段的(注汽阶段、焖井阶段、生产阶段)储层升温解析模型,在此基础上,设计并开展了电加热辅助蒸汽吞吐和常规水平井吞吐的宏观比例物理模拟对比实验,通过实验验证了解析公式,揭示电加热改善水平井吞吐效果关键机理,并利用实际典型井模型进行了潜力预测。结果表明:电加热协同蒸汽吞吐,具有注蒸汽阶段实现水平段均匀加热升温、焖井阶段持续热补偿加热近井地带、生产阶段降低原油入井渗流阻力并提高吞吐产量的关键机理。典型井组预测电加热辅助水平井吞吐可提高吞吐采收率9.4%,油汽比从0.14提高到0.23,在水平井蒸汽吞吐油藏具有重要应用潜力。  相似文献   

香溪河岩溶流域水系结构与洪峰特征关系     

范威  陈植华  牛俊强  李伟  王亮  黄荷 《中国岩溶》2021,40(3):430-438

为研究香溪河岩溶流域地表水系结构特征与洪峰流量衰减过程规律,采用统计方法分析典型子流域的水系结构特征,采用流量衰减方程分析其典型退水过程。地表水流量衰减过程存在若干个亚动态,将各个亚动态的水量分配比例作为描述洪峰特征的特征值,将水系数目比例、水系长度比例作为描述水系结构的特征值,把两者作相关分析。结果表明:岩溶区水系长度比例与水量比例在第一和第三亚动态具有较高的相关性,相关性判定系数高达0.84,使用水系长度比例更能反映水系结构的特征。   相似文献   

甘肃舟曲垭豁口滑坡复活机理及成因探讨     

窦晓东  张泽林 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2021,32(2):9-18

2019年7月19日18时许,甘肃舟曲县垭豁口滑坡复活,约3.92×106 m3的滑体顺坡而下,迅速流入岷江,堵塞河道,造成河道水位上升,江边公路中断,滑坡变形持续至8月中旬。基于野外勘察、遥感解译、钻孔勘探等方法获取了滑坡变形的基本特征,并开展了滑坡监测工作,并结合气象资料,探讨了该滑坡复活原因及启动机制。初步研究认为,该滑坡为降雨诱发。通过对滑坡变形历史进行梳理,结合滑带证据,滑坡复活机理可概括为:首先上部块体缓慢蠕变,降雨后发生塑性流滑;其次,因上部滑体堆积在滑坡中部,造成中部平台堆载,引发中部滑体变形;最终一滑而下,刮产连带下部滑体坠入河道。滑坡的上中下三部分滑体逐步被激活,最初缓慢变形,随后加速启动。滑坡变形模式为蠕滑—拉裂—流滑。对滑坡变形过程和机理的初步判断为滑坡灾害应急处置提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

Extenuating the parameters using HEC-HMS hydrological model for ungauged catchment in the central Omo-Gibe Basin of Ethiopia          下载免费PDF全文

Demisse Habtamu Semunigus  Ayalew Abebe Temesgen  Ayana Melkamu Teshome  Lohani Tarun Kumar 《地下水科学与工程》2021,9(4):317-325

Characteristics of ungauged catchments can be studied from the hydrological model parameters of gauged catchments. In this research, discharge prediction was carried out in ungauged catchments using HEC-HMS in the central Omo-Gibe basin. Linear regression, spatial proximity, area ratio, and sub-basin mean were amalgamated for regionalization. The regional model parameters of the gauged catchment and physical characteristics of ungauged catchments were collated together to develop the equations to predict discharge from ungauged catchments. From the sensitivity analysis, crop coefficient (CC), storage coefficient (R), constant rate (CR), and time of concentration (TC) are found to be more sensitive than others. The model efficiency was evaluated using Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (N_SE) which was greater than 0.75, varying between ?10% and +10% and the coefficient of determination (R²) was approximated to be 0.8 during the calibration and validation period. The model parameters in ungauged catchments were determined using the regional model (linear regression), sub-basin mean, area ratio, and spatial proximity methods, and the discharge was simulated using the HEC-HMS model. Linear regression was used in the prediction where p-value ≤ 0.1, determination coefficient (R²) = 0.91 for crop coefficient (CC) and 0.99 for maximum deficit (MD). Constant rate (CR), maximum storage (MS), initial storage (IS), storage coefficient (R), and time of concentration (TC) were obtained. The result is that an average of 30 m³/s and 15 m³/s as the maximum monthly simulated flow for ungauged sub-catchments, i.e. Denchiya and Mansa of the main river basin .  相似文献   

国家级天气预报检验分析系统建设与应用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

韦青  李伟  彭颂  薛峰  赵声蓉  张金艳  齐丹 《应用气象学报》2019,30(2):245-256

为了适应精细化预报和业务管理的发展需求,国家气象中心建设开发了基于Web的国家级天气预报检验分析系统。系统分为预报检验、检验文件解析处理、检验数据查询分析与检验平台管理4个功能模块,关键技术包括标准化的数据管理、开放式的算法模块管理与调度和检验数据的可视化分析。系统建立了规范高效的检验业务数据流程,兼容处理预报分析制作系统（MICAPS）数据、GRIB2数据、城镇报数据、自动气象站数据等其他专业气象数据,涵盖了国家级省级智能网格预报、全国城镇天气预报、定量降水预报、大城市空气质量预报等数十项检验业务产品,给出了空间分布、柱状图及数据表格等展现形式。系统为全国各级预报员、模式开发人员和管理人员提供预报检验反馈信息,为各省以及国家级预报业务考核提供了信息支撑;同时系统提供逐旬、月、年度的智能网格预报以及城镇天气预报的检验结果对比,有力支撑了智能网格预报产品业务研发和业务试验。  相似文献   

Response of ocean dynamics to multiple equilibria of the Kuroshio path South of Japan     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2019

Variability of the Kuroshio path to the south of Japan plays a central role in the local climate change and exerts tremendous influences on the local atmosphere and ocean. In this study, the response of ocean dynamics, in terms of the eddy kinetic energy (EKE), potential vorticity (PV), relative vorticity, and eddy-mean flow interaction, to the Kuroshio path change is discussed. Kuroshio path south of Japan includes the near-shore non-large meander (nNLM), the off-shore non-large meander (oNLM), and the typical large meander (tLM). Analyses reveal that the distribution of EKE, PV, relative vorticity, and energy exchange between the eddy field and the mean flow respectively varies with the Kuroshio path: (1) The tLM has the maximum EKE along the path; (2) The positive and negative PV are located at the onshore and offshore side of Kuroshio axis, respevetively; (3) The distributions of anomalous relative voritcity of nNLM, oNLM, and tLM are consistent with sea surface height anomalies (SSHAs); (4) The tLM has the largest energy exchange between the eddy field and the mean flow in terms of the rate of barotropic energy conversion. On the other hand, the stability analysis of ocean currents suggests that the three Kuroshio paths south of Japan have their own intrinsic properties of the instability.  相似文献   

长岛县旅游气候舒适度分析     

马端良  姜茹茵  伯玥  陈星宇 《内蒙古气象》2019,(2):27-30

气候舒适度是影响一个地区旅游资源开发和发展以及旅游季节游客数量的重要因素。利用长岛国家基本气象站1986—2015年的气温、降水、风速、相对湿度和日照时数等与旅游气候舒适度相关的气象观测资料,对山东省烟台市长岛县气候舒适度进行研究计算,划分出长岛适宜于旅游的季节分布;结合2011—2015年长岛县游客的月统计资料,分析研究长岛旅游气候舒适度与游客数量之间对应关系。结果表明:长岛县5—10月均较适宜旅游,其中最佳旅游时间段为6—9月,其他月份气候舒适度等级较低,基本不适合旅游。旅游游客数量与气候舒适度密切相关,综合气候舒适度指数每变化一个单位,长岛县游客数量月指数增加2.098个百分点。  相似文献   

A spatio-temporal analysis of academic performance at the Basic Education Certificate Examination in Ghana     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2015

Over the last decade, Ghana has more than tripled investment in its basic education system. Consequently, the country has made huge educational gains, primarily in providing universal access to basic education. However, many stakeholders are worried that academic performance is lagging because of disproportional attention to accessing basic education. Discussion of these concerns is hampered by ongoing disagreement about the true trajectory of academic performance at the basic education level and the widespread nature of students' lagging academic performance. In part, this disagreement stems from the failure of empirical studies to comprehensively examine trends in academic performance standards at the basic education level by concurrently considering a geographical and longitudinal perspective. Thus, this study examines the spatio-temporal trends of academic performance at the junior high school level since 2009 by using multilevel growth curve modeling, spatial statistics, and district-level longitudinal data. Results reveal 3 statistically distinct trajectories of academic performance: erratic, accelerating, and decelerating changes. Results also show that rural–urban gaps explain 31% of the performance trajectories, a trend which is expected to persist in the long term. In addition, we find extreme variations in academic performance within rural areas. Given the varying trajectories and geographical variability in academic performance, we suggest a localized approach to addressing challenges of low academic achievement at the basic education level in Ghana.  相似文献